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v是什么词性(高中英语语法:词类)

一 英语中词的分类

根据语法功能,词可分为十类:名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,动词,冠词,介词,连词及感叹词。

根据意义,词可分为实词和虚词。

实词是指具有实际意义并能作句子成分的词。这些词需要在句子中重读,包括名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词和动词六类。

虚词指的是没有实际意义或实际意义不明显,在句子中不能担任句子成份的词,这类词在句子中一般不重读,包括冠词,介词,连词和感叹词四类。

【注 意】有一些词有两种或两种以上的词类:

calm adj. 平静的 v. 使...平静

above adj.上面的 上述的 adv. 在上面 prep. 在...上面

present n. 礼物 v. 提出,呈现 adj. 出席的,在场的

二 词类的功能

不同的词类在句中所充当的成分不相同,实词主要做主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、补足语、定语、状语等,虚词在句中不能单独充当成分。

1 名 词

名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语。

The park is famous for its rich biological diversity.(作主语)

The Chinese people is a peace-loving people.(作表语)

I squeezed her hand and then walked back to my taxi. (作宾语)

We will call the baby Johnson. (作宾语补足语)

She was made chairman of the conferenc.(作主语补足语)

Li Hua,my best friend,went abroad last year.(作同位语)

He is my history teacher. (作定语)

2 代 词

代词在句中主要作主语,表语,宾语,定语,同位语等

We should be responsible for the patients .(作主语)

Tom is not himself today. (作表语)

I am always ready to help others.(作宾语)

His father is a bus driver.(作定语)

Could you please show me the book, the one you just read?(作同位语)

3 数 词

数词在句中主要作主语,宾语,表语,定语等

One-third of the students in ou class are from the countryside.(作主语)

We don’t need so many people. We just need five (作宾语)

Two and two is four.(作表语)

There are only three boys in the class.(作定语)

4 形容词

形容词在句中主要作表语 定语 补足语 状语等

The shoes in the shop were expensive. 作表语

She is a successful woman with a good forutune. 作定语

有大笔财富的成功女士

We must keep our classroom clean. 作宾语补足语

Eager to get the Christmas present,little Amy can not get to sleep. 作原因状语

5 副 词

副词在句中主要作状语,修饰形容词,副词,动词,句子等

She is extremely beautiful. 修饰形容词beautiful

He speaks Chinese very fluently 修饰fluently

He stepped into the room quietly withou being noticed 修饰动词stepped

Unfortunately, I missed the train.修饰全句

6 动 词

动词在句中作谓语或与名词 形容词 助动词 情态动词构成复合谓语.

We enjoy the fresh and the sunshine in the countryside.(作谓语)

I have lived here for 10 yeas (复合谓语)

He was very sad at the news(复合谓语)

I didn’t have enough money, so I couldn't buy the tickets.(复合谓语)

7 虚 词

虚词在句中不能单独做成分,一般需要和其他词一起构成短语在句中做成分。

冠词需要加在名词前构成名词短语;

介词需要带宾语;

连词用来连接词、短语或句子;

感叹词一般单独使用,用来表明说话者的语气。

I grew up in a distant village 不定冠词a放在名词village 前

There are so many people in the room 定冠词the 放在名词room前面

My father is strict with me (介词with后带宾语me)

I did’t leave until my mother came back (连词until引导时间状语从句)

Hurrah!We won the game.(感叹词hurrah表明说话者的语气)

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